Growing in the decade since the massacres

Muslim leaders credit the gains to their ability during the 1994 massacres to shield most Muslims, and many other Rwandans, from certain death. “The Muslims handled themselves well in ’94, and I wanted to be like them,” said Alex Rutiririza, explaining why he converted to Islam last year.

With killing all around, he said, the safest place to be back then was in a Muslim neighborhood. Then as now, many of Rwanda’s Muslims lived crowded together in the Biryogo neighborhood of Kigali.

During the mass killing of Tutsi, militias had the place surrounded, but Hutu Muslims did not cooperate with the Hutu killers. They said they felt far more connected through religion than through ethnicity, and Muslim Tutsi were spared.

“Nobody died in a mosque,” said Ramadhani Rugema, executive secretary of the Muslim Association of Rwanda. “No Muslim wanted any other Muslim to die. We stood up to the militias. And we helped many non-Muslims get away.”